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BACKGROUND@#Prospective analyses have yet to identify a consistent relationship between sleep duration and the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. The effect of changes in sleep duration on GI cancer incidence has scarcely been studied. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between baseline sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration and GI cancer risk in a large population-based cohort study.@*METHODS@#A total of 123,495 participants with baseline information and 83,511 participants with annual changes in sleep duration information were prospectively observed from 2006 to 2015 for cancer incidence. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) for GI cancers according to sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration.@*RESULTS@#In baseline sleep duration analyses, short sleep duration (≤5 h) was significantly associated with a lower risk of GI cancer in females (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10-0.90), and a linear relationship between baseline sleep duration and GI cancer was observed (P = 0.010), especially in males and in the >50-year-old group. In the annual changes in sleep duration analyses, with stable category (0 to -15 min/year) as the control group, decreased sleep duration (≤-15 min/year) was significantly associated with the development of GI cancer (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04-1.61), especially in the >50-year-old group (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.01-1.71), and increased sleep duration (>0 min/year) was significantly associated with GI cancer in females (HR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.14-7.30).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both sleep duration and annual changes in sleep duration were associated with the incidence of GI cancer.
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Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cohort Studies , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/etiology , Incidence , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , SleepABSTRACT
Objective To investigate whether elevated baseline levels of high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and neutrophil (NE) are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Kailuan female cohort. Methods Females from Kailuan cohort (2006-2007) were included in this study. Information on check-up, hsCRP and NE were collected at baseline for all subjects. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of association between baseline hsCRP and NE values and breast cancer risk. Results By December 31, 2015, a total of 18 866 participants were enrolled in this study. During the follow-up, 183 new cases of breast cancer were observed. All participants were divided into three groups according to the level of hsCRP (3 mg/L). The cumulative incidence of breast cancer were 829/105, 1 211/105 and 1 495/105 in these 3 groups, respectively ( 2=12.08， P=0.002). Compared with participants with lower hsCRP levels (3 mg/L) levels had significantly increased risk of breast cancer (HR=1.71,95%CI: 1.18-2.47, P=0.005), howerver, we didn’t find the statistically significant association between NE level (0.05). Conclusions Elevated levels of hsCRP at baseline might increase the risk of breast cancer in females.
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Objective The mechanisms of epimedium and Ligustrum Lucidum with glucocorticoid (GC) acting on asthma are closely related to the regulation of the JAKs / STATs pathway associated with the Th1/Th2 balance in the lung tissue of the asthmatic rats. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of icariin and oleanolic acid with dexamethasone on the protein expressions of JAKs/STATs in GC-sensitive CEM-C7 and GC-resistant CEM-C1 cells.Methods We divided CEM-C7 and CEM-C1 cells into groups A (complete culture medium control), B (dexamethasone at 10-6mol/L), C (icarrin at 100 mg/mL), D (oleanolic acid at 100 mg/mL), E (icarrin+oleanolic acid both at 50 mg/mL), and F (icariin+oleanolic acid+dexamethasone at 50 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL and 10-6 mol/L, respectively), and treated them with corresponding agents for 24 hours. Then, we determined the protein expressions of JAKs (JAK1 and JAK2) and STATs (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6) in the CEM-C7 and CEM-C1 cells of different groups by Western blot.Results The protein expressions of JAK1 and JAK2 in the CEM-C1 cells were 0.22±0.01 and 0.23±0.01 in group A, 0.24±0.01 and 0.24±0.01 in group B, 0.23±0.01 and 0.22±0.01 in group C, 0.24±0.01 and 0.23±0.01 in group D, 0.22±0.01 and 0.21±0.01 in group E, and 0.18±0.01 and 0.19±0.01 in group F, both significantly lower in groups E and F than in B (P<0.01), and in groups C, D and F than in E (P<0.01). The expressions of STAT1 and STAT3 proteins were 0.23±0.01 and 0.23±0.01 in group A, 0.23±0.01 and 0.22±0.01 in group B, 0.23±0.01 and 0.22±0.01 in group C, 0.23±0.01 and 0.23±0.01 in group D, 0.18±0.01 and 0.20±0.02 in group E, and 0.17±0.01 and 0.16±0.01 in group F, both remarkably lower in groups E and F than in B (P<0.01), and that of STAT3 even lower in F than in E (P<0.01). The expressions of STAT5 and STAT6 were 0.24±0.01 and 0.24±0.01 in group A, 0.23±0.01 and 0.23±0.02 in group B, 0.23±0.01 and 0.24±0.01 in group C, 0.23±0.01 and 0.24±0.01 in group D, 0.19±0.01 and 0.19±0.01 in group E, and 0.16±0.01 and 0.20±0.02 in group F, both markedly lower in groups E and F than in B (P<0.01), and even lower in F than in E (P<0.01). The protein expressions of JAK1 and JAK2 in the CEM-C7 cells were 0.24±0.01 and 0.22±0.02 in group A, 0.12±0.01 and 0.49±0.01 in group B, 0.23±0.01 and 0.27±0.01 in group C, 0.25±0.01 and 0.25±0.02 in group D, 0.27±0.01 and 0.23±0.01 in group E, and 0.20±0.01 and 0.32±0.01 in group F, the former increased while the latter decreased significantly in groups B, C, D, E and F as compared with group A (P<0.01), the former even lower and the latter even higher in groups C and F than in E (P<0.01). The expressions of STAT1 and STAT3 were 0.23±0.01 and 0.23±0.01 in group A, 0.10±0.01 and 0.11±0.02 in group B, 0.27±0.01 and 0.26±0.01 in group C, 0.27±0.01 and 0.27±0.01 in group D, 0.28±0.01 and 0.27±0.01 in group E, and 0.21±0.01 and 0.23±0.02 in group F, both remarkably higher in groups C, D, E and F than in B (P<0.01), though lower in F than in E (P<0.01). The expressions of STAT5 and STAT6 were 0.24±0.01 and 0.24±0.01 in group A, 0.10±0.01 and 0.11±0.02 in group B, 0.23±0.01 and 0.23±0.02 in group C, 0.23±0.01 and 0.23±0.01 in group D, 0.24±0.01 and 0.24±0.01 in group E, and 0.20±0.01 and 0.21±0.05 in group F, both significantly upregulated in groups C, D, E and F as compared with B (P<0.01), though lower in F than in E (P<0.05).Conclusion In case of hormone resistance, icariin and oleanolic acid combined with dexamethasone may regulate the JAKs/STATs signaling pathway and improve the sensitivity to hormone action.
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<p><b>Background:</b>Studies on the association between spicy food intake and cancer risk have reported inconsistent results. We quantitatively assessed this association by conducting a meta-analysis based on evidence from case-control studies.</p><p><b>Methods:</b>PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible publications. Combined odds ratios (OR s) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random- or fixed-effects model. The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). All data were analyzed using STATA 11.0 software (version 11.0; StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA). Subgroup analyses were also performed with stratification by region, sex, number of cases, cancer subtype, source of the control group, and NOS score.</p><p><b>Results:</b>A total 39 studies from 28 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis (7884 patients with cancer and 10,142 controls). Comparison of the highest versus lowest exposure category in each study revealed a significant OR of 1.76 (95% CI = 1.35-2.29) in spite of significant heterogeneity (P < 0.001). In the subgroup analyses, this positive correlation was still found for gastric cancer, different regions, different numbers of cases, different sources of the control group, and high-quality articles (NOS score of ≥ 7). However, no statistically significant association was observed for women, esophageal cancer, gallbladder cancer, or low-quality articles (NOS score of <7). No evidence of publication bias was found.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b>Evidence from case-control studies suggested that a higher level of spicy food intake may be associated with an increased incidence of cancer despite significant heterogeneity. More studies are warranted to clarify our understanding of the association between high spicy food intake and the risk of cancer.</p>
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Objective To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of cancers in China in 2008.Methods Data from 36 cancer registry sites in China and from the Third National Death Survey in China (2004-2005) were used to estimate the incidence and mortality of cancer in China in 2008 by using mathematical models.Prediction on cancer incidence and mortality in the next 20 years was carried out.Results According to the age-standardized incidence rates,the top cancer sites were lung,stomach,liver,breast,oesophageal,colorectal,corpus uterine,cervical,leukemia and brain tumor.According to the age-standardized mortality rates,the top cancers in China were lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,oesophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,breast cancer,cervical cancer,leukemia,brain tumor and corpus uterine cancer.Cancer happened more frequently among people older than 40 years,particularly among males.Data related to prediction showed that the incidence and mortality of cancer in China would gradually increase in the next 20 years.Conclusion Both incidence and mortality of cancers in China had been increasing,with the most common cancers appeared to be lung,breast and digestive tract cancers,in China.People older than 40 years should be under specific care to receive prevention and care on cancer,with males in particular.
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Objective To estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence rates of lung cancer in China,in 2008.Methods Data from 36 cancer registries and the Third National Death Survey in China (2004-2005) was used to estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence rates of lung cancer in China in 2008.Mathematical models were used to predict the lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in the next 20 years.Results In 2008,the incidence of lung cancer was 522 050 ( 18.5％ ) with the incidence rate as 33.5/100 000,which ranked the first among all the cancers.Mortality of lung cancer in China was 452 813 (23.1％) with the mortality rate as 28.7/100 000,which also ranked the first among all the cancers.The 5-year prevalence rate of lung cancer in China was 487 815 (10.6％) with the proportion as 45.6/100 000,which ranked fourth among all the cancers.Lung cancer happened more frequently among people older than 45 years,particularly in males.Our data on prediction showed that the incidencc and mortality of lung cancer in China would gradually increase in the next 20 years.Conclusion Lung cancer was the leading cause for both incidence and mortality of all canccrs in China and both kept increasing.The key population fell in those older than 45 ycars,particularly males,that should be under special prevention and control for lung cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the performance of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in preliminary screening of cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions among Chinese women by meta-analysis of diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pubmed, Cochrane, Wanfang, CNKI and Weipu databases were employed to search for citations using the MeSH terms as "acetic acid", "cervical intraepithelial neoplasia", and "cervical cancer" both in Chinese and English. Additional relevant references cited in retrieval articles were also searched.40 pieces of research paper related with screening of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions of cervical cancer in Chinese women by VIA were collected. Bivariate random effects model was adopted using SAS 8.02.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-two studies including 23 330 cases were finally selected in the analysis, among which 19 studies were reported in Chinese and the other 3 in English. These studies were reported from 2004 to 2010 and the age-range of subjects was between 15 and 81 years old. Stratified analysis of diagnosis threshold showed that the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of VIA for CIN1+ (4.11, 95%CI: 3.20 - 5.04) was similar to that for CIN2+ (4.45, 95%CI: 3.73 - 5.15). Either CIN1+ or CIN2+, the DOR in younger women (≤ 40 year) (4.22, 95%CI: 3.29 - 5.16; 4.53, 95%CI: 3.46 - 5.47) was also similar to it in older women (> 40 year) (3.66, 95%CI: 2.27 - 5.37; 4.26, 95%CI: 3.32 - 5.26). There was no difference in the screening performance between county-level doctors (DOR = 4.62, 95%CI: 3.13 - 5.93) and municipal-level doctors (DOR = 4.48, 95%CI: 3.71 - 5.16).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The screening performances of VIA were relatively consistent among different lesion grades and aging groups of Chinese women. After professional training, there was no difference in performance between county-level hospitals and municipal-level hospitals.</p>